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Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary
The Royal Hungarian Order of Saint Stephen ((ハンガリー語:Magyar Királyi Szent István Iovagrend); (ドイツ語:Königlich Ungarische Sankt-Stephans-Orden))
The royal Hungarian order, founded in 1764 by the empress Maria Theresa of Austria, consisted of the grand master (the sovereign), 20 knights grand cross, 30 knights commanders and 50 knights. The badge is a green enamelled cross with gold borders, suspended from the Hungarian crown; the red enamelled medallion in the centre of the cross bears a white patriarchal cross issuing from a coroneted green mound; on either side of the cross are the letters M.T. in gold, and the whole is surrounded by a white fillet with the legend ''Publicum Meritorum Praemium''. The ribbon is green with a crimson central stripe. The collar, only worn by the knights grand cross, is of gold, and consists of Hungarian crowns linked together alternately by the monograms of St Stephen, S.S., and the foundress, M.T.; the centre of the collar is formed by a flying lark encircled by the motto ''Stringit amore''.
— From the 1911 ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', "Knighthood" article
==Significance of St. Stephen to Hungarians==
The order is the namesake of Hungary’s most famous king, Stephen I (969 – 1038), whose reign (997 – 1038) was marked by his consolidation of the monarchy, the establishment of the medieval state of Hungary,〔http://augusztus20.kormany.hu/saint-stephen-and-the-foundation-of-the-hungarian-state-2013〕 and his adoption of Christianity as the state religion. His coronation, as recognized in the Church, is dated 1001.〔http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/speeches/2000/jul-sep/documents/hf_jp-ii_spe_20000821_santo-stefano_en.html〕 He died on August 15, 1038, during the Feast of the Assumption. His feast day in Hungary is August 20. Canonized by Pope Gregory VII in 1083 along with his son Imre (who preceded him in death, after a hunting accident, 1031) and Bishop Gerhard of Hungary, St. Stephen is the patron saint of "Hungary, kings, the death of children, masons, stonecutters, and bricklayers." Though its exact provenance is somewhat disputed, the Crown of St. Stephen is said to have been a gift from Pope Silvester II, upon Stephen’s 1001 coronation.〔http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/565415/Stephen-I〕
In 2011. the order was recreated as the Hungarian Order of Saint Stephen Today it is the highest order in Hungary.〔http://www.keh.hu/kituntetesek/1514-Kituntetesek&pnr=1〕〔http://kdnp.hu/news/kiallitas-nyilt-szent-istvan-rend-vilagarol-magyar-nemzeti-muzeumban〕〔http://nol.hu/kultura/a-zold-szaru-kereszt-lovagjai-1460657〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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